The Method of Imam Al-Ghazali in the Study of Islamic Theology

A Rational and Spiritual Approach

Abstract

This article discusses Imam al-Ghazali's method of studying theology using a rational and spiritual approach. Imam al-Ghazali was a great scholar renowned for his contributions to kalam, philosophy, and mysticism. One of the unique aspects of Imam al-Ghazali's thought is his thorough exploration of various approaches; from rational approaches to mystical approaches in the study of Islamic theology. This approach provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and appreciating Islamic creed. The purpose of this article is to examine the methods used by Imam al-Ghazali in conveying the knowledge of theology, as well as the relevance of these methods in the context of contemporary Islamic education. The method used in writing this article is content analysis with a philosophical approach. Based on the analysis conducted, this article concludes that Imam al-Ghazali carried out tajdid (renewal) in the study of theology based on the Ash'ari school of thought. The aspects that Imam al-Ghazali renewed are the approaches. Imam al-Ghazali uses a metaphysical-sufism-based approach in the study of theology; for Imam al-Ghazali, understanding the fundamental issues of Islamic theology is not sufficient with rational arguments alone (rational). The creed understood by a Muslim needs to be strengthened with spiritual dimensions. The integration of rational and spiritual aspects is relevant to the methodology of studying theology that is moderate, comprehensive, and encourages the creation of deep understanding both outwardly and inwardly.